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Morphology of an Umbrella
A very interesting morphology (table) of an Umbrella is presented here. You'll be amazed that there's so much of technology involved in it's development.
Components/Dimensions
The following figure illustrates the different components of an Umbrella
DIMENSIONS |
OPTIONS |
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Material of canopy |
Silk |
Oil paper |
Cotton |
Plastic film |
Nylon |
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Olefin |
Canvas |
Spun polyester |
Chemical resistant acrylic |
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Types based on usage |
Personal |
Beach |
Patio |
Café |
Golf |
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Types based on construction |
Side post (Cantilever) |
Straight |
Swing |
Gazebo |
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Frame material |
Bamboo |
Metal |
Plastic |
Moulded rubber |
Fibre glass |
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Aluminium |
Titanium |
Wood * |
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Frame construction |
Single frame |
Double frame |
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Frame length (m) |
1.5 |
2.7 |
3.3 |
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Frame cross-section |
Round |
Square |
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Frame cross-section dimension (mm) |
Round |
30 |
40 |
50 |
65 |
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Square |
50 x 50 |
70 x 70 |
90 x 90 |
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Weight (g) |
89 |
250 |
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Nature of covering |
Transparent |
Opaque |
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Canopy style (front view) |
Flat |
Ball |
Cone |
Pagoda |
Aero |
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Market flair |
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No. of tiers in the canopy |
1 |
2 |
3 |
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Shape of canopy (top view) |
Rectangular |
Round |
Square |
Star |
Oval |
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Octagon |
Other polygon |
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Canopy size (m) |
Round (diameter) |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
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Rectangular |
1.8 x 2.4 |
2 x 3 |
3 x 4 |
3.5 x 4.5 |
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Square |
2.5 x 2.5 |
3.5 x 3.5 |
4 x 4 |
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Octagon |
1.8 |
2.1 |
3.3 |
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Main purpose |
Sun + Rain |
UV rays |
Eclipse photo umbrellas |
Night time reflector |
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Additional attachments |
Compass |
Torch |
Clock |
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No. of ribs |
4 |
6 |
8 |
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Rib material |
Cane |
Whale bone |
Plastic |
Wood |
Metal |
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Top finials |
Ferrule |
Ring |
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Finial material |
Wood |
High impact polystyrene (HIP) |
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Type of opening |
Manual |
Button |
Pulley based |
Crank system |
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Rib cross-section (mm) |
17 x 28 |
17 x 35 |
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Handle |
Fixed |
Interchangeable |
Clamp handle |
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Handle material |
Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) |
Rubber coated ABS |
Wood |
Leather wrapped wood |
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© Indian Institute of Technology Madras and Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Government of India
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